Setshwantsho sa naga sa bojanala
Uzbekistan dintlha tsa motheo tsa bojanala
Naga e e dikologilweng ke naga e e fa gare ga Asia, mme tsela ya loeto e e tlwaelegileng e tsamaya ka metse ya bogologolo ya tsela ya silika go tswa kwa Tashkent go ya Samarkand, Bukhara le Khiva.
- Palo ya batho
- Batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 3600-3700.
- Nako ya lefelo
- Nako ya Uzbekistan, UTC+5.
- Batho
- Batho ba ba ntsi ke ba Uzbekistan, mme gape go na le ba Tajik, ba Russia, ba Karakalpak, ba Kazakhstan le ditlhopha tse dingwe.
- Dipuo tsa selegae
- Puuo ya semmuso ke Seuzbeki, e le loleme lwa lelapa la Seturuki; mo Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic, SeKarakalpaki le yone e na le maemo a semmuso. Mo metseng ya Samarkand le Bukhara, o ka utlwa Setajiki, e le loleme lwa lelapa la Irani la Indo-European; Serusi se santse se le mosola mo ditoropong, diteisheneng tsa setimela, dihotele tsa bogologolo le mo dikopanong tsa kgwebo tse di fetang melelwane. Seesimane se oketsega mo bathong ba bannye, bagogi le dihotele tse disha, mme mo leetong la ntlha, Serusi gantsi se le mosola go feta Seesimane jaaka leleme la bobedi la boroko.
- Madi le phapantsho
- Somo ya Uzbekistan (UZS).
Tlhaloso ya thero: 1 USD e ka nna 12,500-13,500 UZS, 1 EUR e ka nna 13,500-15,000 UZS, 1 RMB e ka nna 1,700-1,900 UZS; tsebe e tla bala gape sekhahla sa nako.Go laelwa ditefiso tse di tshelang UZS...
Melawana ya visa le go goroga
Uzbekistan ke naga e e sa tlhokeng visa kapa e e nang le visa ya elektroniki, o se ka wa e rera jaaka 'visa ya go goroga'. Gantsi, go sa tlhokeng visa ga malatsi a 30 go akaretsa dipasipoto tsa European Union, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Turkey, China, Malaysia, Brazil, Argentina, United Arab Emirates le tse dingwe; dinaga tse di mo tikologong jaaka Kyrgyzstan di na le ditlhopho tse di telele tsa bobedi, mme dikarolo tse dingwe tsa Gulf, Hong Kong le Macau di farologana go ya ka malatsi a go nna. Fa pasipoto e tlhoka e-visa, go tsaya malatsi a 3 a tiro go e dira, mme mo nakong ya selemo le ya setlha sa Silk Road, ke tlisa kopo bonyane dibeke tse 2 pele. Pele o reka thekethe ya sefofane, tlhatlhoba gape melao ya semmuso go ya ka bosetshaba jwa pasipoto, lefelo la go tsena le tlhophiso ya go feta.
Dipalangwa tse di siameng tsa selegae
Mokgwa wa go tsamaya mo Uzbekistan o ikaegile ka diterena le difofane tse di kwa teng: Tashkent-Samarkand-Bukhara, itseele thekethe ya setimela sa Afrosiyob sa lebelo; Tashkent-Urgench / Khiva, Karakalpakstan le ditsela tse ditelele, o ka akanya ka difofane tsa kwa teng; tsela ya Bukhara-Khiva e e fetang sekaka, o ka hira koloi. Go hira mokgweetsi go ka nna $60-$120 ka letsatsi, mme mogogi wa toropo o na le setifikeiti, go ka nna $30-$80 ka sephatlo sa letsatsi kapa letsatsi lotlhe, mme go tlhalosa ka botlalo go ka nna thata. Ditsela tsa tlwaelo tsa baeti ga di ikaegile ka sekepe. Mo toropong, go dirisa app ya go bitsa tekesi go bonolo thata, mme baesekele e siametse fela ditsela tse dikhutshwane mo ditoropong tsa bogologolo le fa loapi lo le molemo, ga e siamela go tsamaya magaeng a a kgakala.
Setlha se se siameng thata
Dikgwedi tsa 4-5 le 9-10 ke tsona tse di siametseng Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva le Tashkent. Loapi lwa kontinente, selemo se mogote mme se omme, mariga a tsididi, mme setlha sa selemo le sa mariga ke sone se se itumedisang thata. Mo nakong e e siameng, mogote wa motshegare o ka nna 18-30°C, mme wa bosigo o ka nna 7-17°C; ditoropo tse di omileng jaaka Khiva le Bukhara le mesong di ka tsididi thata. Ela tlhoko: o tshwanetse go tseela nako ya ngwaga, loapi le maemo a kwa ntle tsia mmogo go akgola: mawatle, go tsamaya ka dinao, sekaka, go tsamaya mo ditoropong tsa bogologolo kapa go tsamaya ka sekepe mo dithakeng, go farologana thata mo go itshokeleng ga loapi.
Seemo sa ditshenyegelo
Go na le boleng jo bo siameng go gaisa Europe le Amerika, dihotele, diterena, dijo le bagogi go ka laolwa thata mo tekanyetsong. Go ja mo lebenkeleng la selegae kapa mo lefelong la dijo, gantsi motho ka mong o duela 40,000-90,000 UZS; dikhefi tse di itekanetseng kapa diresitorante tsa baeti di ka nna 120,000-220,000 UZS. Mo Tashkent, go bitsa tekesi ka app mo sebakeng se se khutshwane go ka nna 15,000-45,000 UZS, mme go tswa kwa boemelong jwa sefofane go ya kwa setoropong go ka nna thata. Tipe ga se tlwaelo e e thata, mme diresitorante tse dintsi di tsenya 10-15% ya tuelo ya tirelo; ke tlogela tipe fela fa tirelo e le e e kgethegileng thata, kapa ke tlogela madi a a potlana. Mo leetong la ntlha la malatsi a 6-8 kwa Uzbekistan, o sa akaretse thekethe ya sefofane e e telele thata, go eletsega go baakanyetsa motho ka mong $800-$1,800.
Tshupetso ya tsela ya nnete
Fa o etela Uzbekistan la ntlha, go eletlwa go rulaganya malatsi a 7 ka tsela e
Uzbekistan e siametse go kwalwa e le mola o o golaganyang setimela le metse ya bogologolo: Tashkent e tla tsamaisa go fihla le toropo ya segompieno, Samarkand e tla tsamaisa kgakgamalo ya ntlha ya Registan, Bukhara e tla tsamaisa ditsela tsa motse wa bogologolo tse di iketlileng, Khiva e tla tsamaisa go tlatsa kakanyo ya Silk Road ka karolo e e feletseng. Mola wa kgwele ya dinao o tla bewa mo Tashkent le mo kanegelong ya setlhopha sa bosetshaba, Eldor Shomurodov le Abdukodir Khusanov ke tseno tsa tlholego.
Letsatsi 1 · Tashkent (Tashkent)
Go fihla Tashkent: Tsamaya ka metro pele, je Plov
TAS → Metro ya Tashkent → Chorsu / Plov Center
Letsatsi la ntha o seka wa itlhagisela go ya kwa motseng wa bogologolo. Boleng jwa Tashkent (Tashkent) ke go kwala motse-mogolo wa segompieno, diteishene tsa metro le Plov ya gago ya ntha: Morago ga go tlogela dijanana, tsamaya seteišene se le sengwe ka metro, lebelela ditaele le mabone, o ye kwa Plov Center go lebelela raese, digwete le nama ya nku mo pitseng e kgolo.
Nna mo bogareng jwa toropo kana gaufi le tsela ya metro. Fetola madi a a kwa tlase, netefatsa thekethe ya terena e e potlakileng ya letsatsi le le latelang.
Letsatsi 2 · Samarkand (Samarkand)
Terena e e potlakileng go ya Samarkand: Tlogela Registan gore e lebalele maitšiboa
Tashkent → Terena ya Afrosiyob → Registan Square (Registan Square)
Letsatsi la bobedi tsamaya ka terena e e potlakileng go ya borwa, fa ntle ga fensetere go simolola go fetoga go tswa mo motseng go ya kwa sekgweng. Registan (Registan Square) o seka wa o tsaya setshwano thata mo motshegareng, maitšiboa a siametse go kwala pono ya ntha: ditaele tse di pududu, phefo ya lefelo, baeti ba fokotsa modumo ba tsaya ditshwano.
Terena e e potlakileng ya Afrosiyob e tshwanetse go beelwa pele. Go nna gaufi le Registan (Registan Square) go thusa go bona mesong le maitšiboa.
Letsatsi 3 · Samarkand (Samarkand)
Go tsenelela Samarkand: Mabitla, mmaraka le ditlhopha tsa bosetšhaba
Shah-i-Zinda → Bibi-Khanym → Siyob Bazaar (Siyob Bazaar)
Letsatsi la boraro kwala Samarkand (Samarkand) ka bonya. Ditaele tse di pududu tsa mabitla le senkgwe, morara o o omisitsweng, le makgomane mo mmarakeng, ke dilo tse di gakologelwang thata go feta maina a mafelo. Fa o bua ka setlhopha sa bosetšhaba mo khefing, mogala wa kgwele ya dinao o tlhagelela ka tlhago.
Letsatsing le go na le go tsamaya thata, morago ga motshegare o ka boela kwa hoteleng go ikhutsa.
Letsatsi 4 · Bukhara (Bukhara)
Go ya Bukhara: Motse wa bogologolo ga se lefelo la ditiragalo, ke lefelo le le tshelang
Samarkand → Bukhara → Lyabi-Hauz (Lyabi-Hauz)
Bukhara (Bukhara) e siametse go kwala ka ditsela tse dinnye. Morago ga go fihla, o seka wa itlhagisela go latela lenane, nna fa gaufi le Lyabi-Hauz (Lyabi-Hauz) o nwe tee, lebelela baeti, barekisi le bagodi ba kgaolo ba nna mmogo mo lefelong le le lengwe.
Go ka dirwa ka terena e e potlakileng kana go hira koloi. Nna mo teng ga motse wa bogologolo, go thusa go tsamaya ka dinao bosigo go boela kwa hoteleng.
Letsatsi 5 · Bukhara (Bukhara)
Letsatsi lotlhe la Bukhara: Go tswa kwa qhobosheaneng ya Ark go ya kwa marulelong a mmaraka
Ark Fortress (Ark Fortress) → Kalon Minaret (Kalon Minaret) → trading domes
Letsatsi le kwala e le tsela ya go tsamaya: Qhobosheane, tora ya thapelo, marulelo a mmaraka, mabenkele a ditiro tsa diatla. O seka wa kwala hisitori fela, kwala gore lesedi le wela jang mo tswang mo dikgorong tsa mabota, le tsela e mong wa lebenkele a alolang lelapa la Suzani ka yone.
Go siametse go thapa mokaedi wa seripa sa letsatsi, motshegare o tlogele go iketsetsa go ya mabenkeleng.
Letsatsi 6 · Khiva (Khiva)
Fofa/tsamaya ka koloi go ya Khiva: Nna mo bosigong mo teng ga dipota tsa motse
Bukhara → Urgench / Khiva → Itchan Kala (Itchan Kala)
Botle jwa Khiva (Khiva) ke go felela. Dipota, dikgoro tsa logong, ditora tsa thapelo le ditsela tse di patikane di kopane mmogo, fa mabone a bonesa maitšiboa, motse otlhe o tshwana le sethala. Lefelo le le siametse go kwala loeto la Silk Road go nna bosigo jo bo nang le ditshwantsho tse di gakgolvang thata.
Sebaka magareng ga Bukhara le Khiva e telele, o ka dirisa terena / go hira koloi / go fofa go ya Urgench; o seka wa nyenyefatsa nako e e tsayang.
Letsatsi 7 · Khiva / Tashkent
Fetša ka Khiva, boela Tashkent kapa tswela pele go ya Fergana
Khiva → Urgench → Tashkent, kapa o atolositse go ya Namangan
Ka letsatsi la bofelo, boela Tashkent go ya ka sefofane. Fa o batla go tswelela ka mola wa kgwele ya dinao, o ka tsenya Namangan / Fergana Valley ya Odil Ahmedov jaaka katoloso ya morago, e seng go e gata mo leetong la ntlha la malatsi a 7.
Letsatsi la go boela gae le tshwanetse go nna le nako e e lekaneng ya go emela sefofane sa mo gae le go fetela kwa boemafofaneng.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan pego ya bojanala
Ke tsamaile tsela ya Silika malatsi a supa, mme ka fitlhela gore Marco Polo o tlhokile go kwala dilo tse dintsi
Lefelo la Registan la Samarkand le fetoga gauta e e sa kang ya bonwa ka nako ya 6:45 maitsiboa. Dithaele tse ditshokoa tsa dikolo tse tharo tsa thuto ya bodumedi di tsoga go tswa mo go tsibogong e e tsitsitseng ya jeometri ya Islam, di simolola go monya mogote wa letsatsi le le phirang. Monnamogolo yo o rekisang lero la garanate o mpoleletse ka Seesimane se se thata: 'Felo fa, dingwaga tse makgolo a tshelela pele e ne e le lefelo la go ganetsana — baithuti ba dikolo tse tharo tsa thuto ya bodumedi ba ne ba ganetsana mo lefelong le, ba bua ka thuto ya bodumedi, thuto ya dinaledi, thuto ya dipalo, sengwe le sengwe.' Mme a tshwela letswai mo kopeng ya me, a re: 'Nwa. Lero la garanate le se ka la tswa sukiri, o tla kgona go utlwa monate wa tsela ya Silika.'
O ne a siame. Lero la garanate le le se nang sukiri le na le bogalaka jo bo bogale, jaaka monate wa dilo tsotlhe tse di nyametseng mo lefatsheng le. Mme potso ya me ke: go setse eng ka tsela ya Silika?
Read moreDitshwantsho tsa batshameki ba ba itsegeng mo metshamekong
Uzbekistan difatlhogo tsa kgwele ya dinao
Bofelo jwa difofane jo bo atlenegisitsweng le tekanyetso ya sefofane
Tshupetso ya tsela
Ditlhwatlhwa tsa difofane ke ditekanyetso tsa setlha; tlhola ditlhwatlhwa tsa nako ya jaanong pele o bukisa.
TAS
Boemelo jwa Sefofane sa Tashkent International
E siametse go goroga kwa motsemogolong, go tsamaya ka setimela sa ka fa tlase ga lefatshe le go tsamaya ka setimela sa lebelo go ya kwa ditoropong tsa bogologolo tse dikgolo tsa naga.
SKD
Samarkand International Airport (Samarkand International Airport)
E siametse go simolola tsela ya Silk Road go tswa kwa Samarkand (Samarkand), mme difofane di a fetoga ka nako ya ngwaga, o tshwanetse go di netefatsa.
Ngwao tsa selegae
- Fa o tsena mo mosikeng, mo phupung le mo kagong ya bodumedi, apara ka tsela e e itekanetseng go gaisa go tsamaya mo toropong. Dikarolo tse dintsi tsa ditoropo tsa bogologolo tsa Uzbekistan ke mafelo a bodumedi le a segopotso a a tsewang tsia ke batho ba selegae, mme ga a tshwanela go tsewa fela jaaka mabota a a nang le matile a a putswa. Basadi ba tshwanetse go ba le tuku e e bobebe, mme banna ba tshwanetse go tila dihempe tse di senang mabogo le borikgwe bo bokhutshwane thata; mo monyako wa phupa, tsamaya ka bonya, go tla go thusa go utlwa mowa wa lefelo go gaisa go potlaka go tsaya ditshwantsho.
- Mo lefelong la tee, diresitorante tsa lelapa le mmarakeng, go buisana go a nna bonolo; pele o amogela tee, o reka borotho, o botsa tsela kapa o tsaya ditshwantsho tsa batho, dumedisa pele. Barekisi ba Samarkand le Bukhara gantsi ba rata go bua, mme o se ka wa atamela ka tshoganyetse batho ba bagolo, bana kapa ba ba rekisang. Tsela e e botoka ke go reka borotho, mokotla o monnye wa dinawa kapa kopi ya tee pele, mme o bontshe fa o ka tsaya ditshwantsho tsa tikologo, jalo ditshwantsho di tla nna tsa tlholego thata.
- Mo diresitoranteng tse dinnye, mmarakeng, tekesing le mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa ditoropo tsa bogologolo, go santse go eletsega go nna le madi a a dirisiwang. Dihotele le diresitorante tse disha di ka amogela karete, mme mo mabenkeleng a diatla a ditoropo tsa bogologolo, dikoloi tse dikhutshwane, matlwana le dipe tsa go tlogela, go ka se nne bonolo go dirisa karete; ke arola madi a a mantsi a a dirisiwang, mme ke tsenya madi a letsatsi leo mo lefelong le le bonolo. Bosigo, fa o boa kwa diresitoranteng o ya kwa hoteleng, direla gore hotele kapa diresitorante e go bitsele koloi.
Dihotele morago ga go goroga
Uzbekistan thulaganyo ya bonno
Hyatt Regency Tashkent (Hyatt Regency Tashkent)
Sekala sa ditlhwatlhwa: $180-$340/night
Lotele ya setaele ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Tashkent, e loketse go fola mo bosigong jwa ntlha le tsela ya kgwebo / tekanyetšo e e kwa godimo.
Lotte City Hotel Tashkent Palace (Lotte City Hotel Tashkent Palace)
Sekala sa ditlhwatlhwa: $120-$240/night
Lotele ya setaele ya bogare jwa toropokgolo, e e bonolo go golagana le metro le direschorente tsa toropo.
Hotel Bibikhanum (Hotel Bibikhanum)
Sekala sa ditlhwatlhwa: $55-$130/night
Bolelo jwa go nna mo tikologong ya motse wa bogologolo wa Samarkand, bo siametse go ya kwa Registan mesong le maitsiboa.
Komil Boutique Hotel (Komil Boutique Hotel)
Sekala sa ditlhwatlhwa: $45-$110/night
Bukhara e na le maikutlo a ntlo ya setso, e siametse go tsamaya ka bonya mo motseng wa bogologolo.
Dijo tsa selegae le mafelo a go jela
Uzbekistan ditsela tsa go senka dijo
Plov (Plov)
E dirilwe ka raese, digati, nama le dinoko, ke sejo sa naga se se siametseng go nna dijo tsa ntlha.
Mafelo a go jela: Besh Qozon / Plov Center Tashkent (Besh Qozon / Plov Center Tashkent)
Tekanyetsokabo: $3-$9
Samsa (Samsa)
Dijo tse di besitsweng ka ontong, di tlwaelegile kwa mmarakeng le mabenkeleng a a fa thoko ga tsela.
Mafelo a go jela: Mmaraka le mabenkele a samsa (samsa)
Tekanyetsokabo: $1-$3
Lagman (Lagman)
Nama e e gogilweng ka diatla e e tswakantsweng le nama le merogo, e siametse go kwalwa ka ntlheng ya lefelo la tee / lelapa la dijo.
Mafelo a go jela: Caravan, lefelo la tee la selegae (chaikhana)
Tekanyetsokabo: $4-$10
Shashlik (Shashlik)
Nama e e besitsweng e e tswakantsweng le eiee, senkgwe le tee, e siametse maemo a dijo tsa maitseboa.
Mafelo a go jela: Lefelo la dijo la nama e e besitsweng la Asia Bogare
Tekanyetsokabo: $4-$12
Ditshupo, dibara, le boitlosobodutu
Mafelo a bosigo le a a siametseng ditshupo
Opera le ballet ya Tashkent
Opera ya Tashkent e siametse go nna kgetsi e e tlhomphegang ya bosigo jwa toropokgolo.
Pontsho ya lesedi ya maitsiboa ya Samarkand
Pono ya bosigo / pontsho ya lesedi ya Registan e siametse go nna ntlha e e kwa godimo ya Samarkand.
Dipong tsa dijo tsa setso tsa Bukhara
Dipong tsa dijo tsa Bukhara di tlhoka go netefatsa mafelo a nnete le ditshwantsho ka go etela lebenkele le lengwe le le lengwe.
Ditlhopha tsa kgwele ya dinao tsa selegae
Ditlhopha tsa kgwele ya dinao tsa Uzbekistan tse di tshwanetseng go kwalwa mo tsebeng
Ditlhopo tseno di ka atolola setlhopha sa bosetšhaba, tsela ya toropo ya Tashkent le setso sa kgwele ya dinao sa Fergana Valley go nna ditsebe tsa SEO tse di latelang.
Tashkent
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK
Pakhtakor Tashkent ke setlhopha sa motse-moholo se se emetseng thata Uzbekistan, mme mmala wa sona o montsho le o mosehla o lemogiwa sentle. Go a siamela go kwala ka nako e le nngwe ka setlhopha sa bosetshaba, tsela ya motse wa Tashkent le hisetori ya liki ya naha.
Tashkent
FC Bunyodkor
Bunyodkor ke tseno ya bohlokwa ya kgwele ya dinao ya sejoale-joale kwa Tashkent, e e kileng ya itsege mo kgweleng ya dinao ya Asia ka go tsenya madi a mantsi le lebala la metshameko le lesha. E a siamela go golaganya le Sports City, metro le kanedi ya motse-moholo wa sejoale-joale.
Qarshi
FC Nasaf
Nasaf e tswa kwa Qarshi, mme ke mola wa kgwele ya dinao wa borwa jwa Uzbekistan. E a siamela go golaganya Qarshi, e e leng kwa thoko ga tsela ya silika, le ditlholo tsa dikontinente le liki ya naga ka botlalo.
Namangan
Navbahor Namangan
Navbahor Namangan e emela mowa wa balatedi ba kgwele ya dinao ba Fergana Valley, mme e a siamela go tsenya mola wa Odil Ahmedov, toropo ya Namangan le setso sa kgwele ya dinao se se bothitho mo go tsebe.
Diankora tsa mafelo
Ditshwantsho tsa go golagana le kanegelo ya setlhopha
A first-time World Cup story can introduce travelers to Silk Road cities, blue tiles, and desert rail routes.
Lebala la Registan
Setshwantsho sa konokono sa tsela ya Silika, dithaele tse ditshokoa tsa maitsiboa le bogolo jwa lefelo di dira gore motho a gakologelwe Uzbekistan bonolo.
Motse wa Bogologolo wa Bukhara
适合慢走的老城章节，院落酒店、集市、茶馆和宗教建筑密度很高。
Khiva
A compact walled oasis city that photographs beautifully and helps the route feel like a true desert journey.
Metro ya Tashkent
把抵达城市、建筑、市场和日常生活串起来的实用景点，不只是交通工具。
Mmaphu wa bojanala wa naga
可下载国家旅行地图
Mmapa o tshwanetse go balwa go ya ka tsela ya nnete: Tsena kwa TAS, go tswa Tashkent go ya Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva go ya bophirima, mme morago go boa go tswa Urgench/Tashkent. Dihotele, diresetšhurente, boemafofane, mafelo a bajanala le mola wa kgwele ya dinao di tla tshwaywa go ya ka dintlha tsa setimela/sefofane.
Kopolola mmaphu wa bojanala
Ke madi a le kae a a tshwanetseng go baakanngwa
Kgakololo ya tekanyetsokabo yotlhe
Mo leetong la ntlha la malatsi a 6-8 kwa Uzbekistan, o sa akaretse thekethe ya sefofane e e telele thata, go eletsega go baakanyetsa motho ka mong $800-$1,800.
Gantsi o feta ka Istanbul, Gulf hubs, Seoul kapa Almaty.
Dihotele tsa Silk Road tsa boleng bo bo kgethegileng di na le boleng jo bo siameng.
Dijo tsa selegae di a itumedisa.
Dithekete, bagogi le go tsamaya magaeng.
Setimela sa lebelo le go bitsa tekesi mo toropong di a dira sentle.
Tshupetso ya tsela
Ditshupetso tsa lenaneo la loeto
- Responsible Travel Uzbekistan 7 Day Tour — Tsela ya malatsi a 7 e akaretsa marapo a a tlwaelegileng a Tashkent, Khiva, Bukhara le Samarkand.
- Kalpak Travel Uzbekistan Itinerary — Kgaola Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara le Khiva ka tsela ya silika ya malatsi a 7-10.
- Advantour Uzbekistan Tours — Ditsela tsa dikhamphani tsa lefelo tsa boeti di dirisa thata diterena le difofane tsa mo gae go golaganya metse e megolo ya bogologolo.
- Lonely Planet Uzbekistan — E dirisiwa go netefatsa metse e megolo, dinako tsa ngwaga le tshedimosetso ya motheo ya loeto.